Cities of Nepal

Nepal has too many cities. Its capital city is Kathmandu and situated middle part of country. Nepal's largest cities are: Kathmandu, Pokhara, Patan, Biratnagar, Birgunj, Dharan, Bharatpur, Janakpur, Dhangarhi and Butwal. Most of the cities situated in Terai region.

Tourism in Nepal

Nature has given plentiful tourism resources to Nepal. The natural scenery, high mountains, incomparable cultural heritage, art, culture and too many specialties have made Nepal a well-known destination in world tourism map with a distinct image of it. Almost world’s climate and ecosystem is available in this country, moreover cultural, geographical, ethnic and bio-diversities of the country allure international visitors to Nepal time and again, which truly substantiate the spirit of Nepal tourism brand; Naturally Nepal once is not enough ! “Welcome Nepal - Tourism Year 2011• is a three year program. The main objective of this program is to promote tourism sector of Nepal internationally, besides this program helps to promote the Nepalese culture, art, biodiversity and stakeholder business through E marketing.

Government of Nepal

President: Dr. Ram Baran Yadav
Vice President: Parmanand Jha
Prime Minister: Madhav Kumar Nepal
Chief Justice: Ram Prasad Shrestha
Chairman of Constituent Assembly: Subash Chandra Nemwang
Chief Secretary: Madhav Prasad Ghimire

CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA)
Acting Chief Commissioner: Lalit Bahadur Limbu
Auditor General: Bhadreshwar Upadhay
Acting Chief Election Commissioner: Nilkantha Uprety
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Chairman: Kedar Nath Upadhyay
Chief of Army Staff Gen. Chhatra Man Singh Gurung
Nepal Police Inspector General Ramesh Chand Thakuri
Armed Police Force Inspector General Sanat Kumar Basnet
National Investigation Department (NID) Chief Ashok Dev Bhatta

MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES

Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Chairman: Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Nepali Congress President: Sushil Koirala
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) Chairman: Jhala Nath Khanal

Languages of Nepal

Nepal has many ethnic groups and language. The official Language is Nepali. It has more than a hundred languages spoken. It is classified as an Indo-Aryan Language and is spoken as a mother tongue by approximately half of Nepal's population and as a second language by others. Other names for Nepali include Gorkhali/Gurkhali (“language of the Gurkhas”) as well as Parbatiya (“language of the mountains”). Nepali was originally known as Khaskura (“speech of the Khas”) an was spoken by rice farming Khas who settled in the Karnali Bheri basin. Today it is spoken throughout Nepal as well as in parts of Bhutan and India.

Maithili is one of the Indo-Aryan languages. Many view it as a dialect of Hindi and not a separate language. Limbu, a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken by the Limbu ethnic group. Limbu, call themselves yakthung and the Limbu language Yakthung Pan. Most Limbus can also speak Nepali fluently.
Its major languages (2001 census) is: Nepali 40%, Maithili 9%, Newari (3%), Tamang (5%), Tharu (5%), Magar (3%), Bantawa (1.4%), Gurung (1.3%), Limbu (1.2%) and the remaining languages are each spoken as mother tongue by less than one percent of the population.

Education in Nepal

In Nepal modern education began with the establishment of the first school in 1853; this was not for general people only for the members of the ruler families. For the general people began only after 1951. In the past 50 years, there has been a dramatic expansion of education facilities in the country. As a literacy was 48.2% (female: 34.6%, male: 62.2%) in the Population Census, 2001, up from about 5% in 1952–54. Now here is 26,000 schools (including higher secondary), 415 colleges, five universities, and two academies of higher studies.

School education includes primary level of grades 1–5, lower secondary and secondary levels of grades 6–8 and 9–10 respectively. Pre-primary level of education is available in some areas. Six years old is the prescribed age for admission into grade one. A national level School Leaving Certificate (SLC) examination is conducted at the end of grade 10.

Grades 11 and 12 are considered as higher secondary level. Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) supervises higher secondary schools which are mostly under private management.

Higher education consists of bachelor, masters, and PhD levels. Depending upon the stream and subject, bachelors level may be of three to five years' duration. The duration of masters level is generally two years. Some universities offer programs like M Phil and post-graduate diplomas.

Geography of Nepal

Nepal is landlocked and mountains country in South Asia. It situated between Republic of India and People' Republic of China. Its northern part of People's Republic of China, it has 1,236 km and to eastern, southern and western bordered is Republic of India, it has 1,690 km borders. Itl is world's 93^rd largest country by land. It has 1,47,181 square kilometer area. Kathmandu is the capital and the country's largest city. It has rich geography; northern part has tallest mountains and world's tallest mountain Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) situated here, and its height 8,848 meter (29,028 feet)  and lowest point 70 meter Kanchan Kalan is eastern south part Jhapa District it's from sea level.

It has too many Natural resources like, Quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore and Irrigated land 11,350 km² (1998 est.). in Nepal 25.4% of Nepal's land area, or about 36,360 km² Forests.

Nepalese People

Nepal is a multi-ethnic society with more than 40 types of different races, tribes, & ethnicity constituting a population of approximately 30 million. People in Nepal can be variously categorized according to altitude, religion, and ethnicity. 

These people carry a surname according their profession. Although Buddhists do not have systematic caste systems, some Buddhist Newars of Kathmandu have been carrying their surnames like Bajracharya, Gurubacharya, Tamrakar, Tuladhar which denoted their professions during medieval Nepal.

It has Brahmins (Bahun), Chetris, Newars, Sherpas, Magar, Gurung, Tamang, Rai, Limbu, Madhesis, Tharu, Rajbansi, Danuwar, Majhi, Manangi & Dolpo are main ethnic groups.

Religion in Nepal

Nepal was formerly the world's only constitutionally declared Hindu kingdom, but following the movement for democracy in early 2006 and the established the establishment of a federal democratic republic, the Nepali Parliament amended the constitution to make Nepal secular state.

In Nepal 80.6 percent of Nepalese are Hindu, 10.7 percent are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, 3.6 percent are Kirat (an indigenous religion with Hindu influence), 0.5 percent are Christian, and 0.4 percent are classified religion. 

History of Nepal

An ancient time Nepal called only in Kathmandu Valley, when it's ruled before Shah Dynasty. The ancient report that a sage (muni) named Ne became the protector (pāla) of this land and the founder of its first ruling dynasty. The name of the country, Ne-pāla, therefore originally meant the land 'protected by Ne. The Kathmandu valley and begins with the Kirantis said to have ruled for many centuries beginning from the 7th or 8th Century B.C. their famous King Yalumber. Around 300 A.D. the Lichavis arrived from northern India and overthrew the Kirantis. The descendants of the Kirantis are the Rais and Limbus who predominate in eastern Nepal. In early 7th Century, Amshuvarman, the first Thakuri king took over the throne from his father-in-law who was a Lichavi. The Lichavis brought art and architecture to the valley but the golden age of creativity arrived with the Mallas who came to power around 1200 A.D.

At this time the Kathmandu valley was ruled by the Malla kings. During the 17th and early 18th centuries, Gorkha continued a slow expansion, conquering various states while forging alliances with others. Prithvi Narayan dedicated himself at an early age to the conquest of the Kathmandu valley.

During the mid-19th century Jung Bahadur Rana became Nepal's first prime minister to wield absolute power relegating the Shah king to a mere figurehead. Soon after the overthrow of the Ranas, King Tribhuvan was reinstated as the head of the state.

After many years of struggle when the political parties were banned, they finally mustered enough courage to start a people's movement in 1990. With the public rising up against absolute monarchy and demanding democracy, the then ruler King Birendra accepted constitutional reforms and established a multiparty parliament with himself as head of state and the prime minister heading the government. In May 1991, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections. In February 1996, one of the Communist parties (Maoist wing) went underground to wage a people's war against monarchy and the elected government.  

In April 2006, strikes and street protests in Kathmandu led to a 19-day curfew and the political parties joined forces with the Maoist rebels to bring pressure on the monarch. Eventually, King Gyanendra realized it was futile holding on to power and relented. He agreed to reinstate parliament. But the political parties and a majority of the general public had enough of dynastic rule and their abuse of power.  On May 28, 2008, a newly elected Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a Federal Democratic Republic, abolishing the 240 year-old monarchy. Today Nepal has a President as Head of State and a Prime Minister heading the Nepal Government.

general

Nepal is landlocked and mountains country in South Asia. It situated between Republic of India and People' Republic of China. Its northern part of People's Republic of China and to eastern, southern and western bordered is Republic of India. Nepal is world's 93^rd largest country by land. It has 1,47,181 square kilometer area and population approximately 30 million. Kathmandu is the capital and the country's largest city. It has rich geography; northern part has tallest mountains and world's tallest mountain Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) situated here, and its height 8,848 meter (29,028 feet) from sea level.

It has majority in religions of Hindu Buddhist, Muslim and Christian is minority. But many people followed Hinduism and Buddhism too. It was ruled by Shah Dynasty from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms. In 2006, however, a decade-long People's Revolution by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) along with several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties of Nepal culminated in a peace accord, and the ensuing elections for the constituent assembly voted overwhelmingly in favor of the abdication of the last Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal democratic republic in 28 May 2008.^[9] The first President of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav.